Moritz Treuenfels was born in Eutin on December 19, 1988. He learned the cello and piano as a child and won prizes at the youth music competition 'Jugend musiziert', among others. After graduating from high school, he successfully applied to the Otto Falckenberg School in Munich, where he trained as an actor from 2010 to 2014. During this time, he appeared on stage in productions at the Münchner Kammerspiele, where he worked with Schorsch Kamerun, among others. At the 2013 Theatertreffen he received the Förderpreis für Schauspielstudierende, and in 2014 the Günther Rühle Prize.  

After graduating, he became a permanent ensemble member at the Düsseldorf Schauspielhaus in 2015, where he was awarded the audience prize 'Gustaf' as Best Actor the following year. From 2016 through 2019 he was then a member of the ensemble of Potsdam's Hans Ott Theater, where he received a lot of attention not only for the title role in "Rio Reiser. König von Deutschland" (2017). After an engagement at Theater Basel (2019-2020), where he starred in "Andersen's Tales" under the direction of Philipp Stölzl, he became an ensemble member at Munich's Residenztheater for the 2020/21 season.  

Parallel to working as a stage actor, Treuenfels occasionally took on small roles in television productions from 2014, for example in "Für eine Nacht ... und immer? ("For One Night ... And Always?", 2015) with Juliane Köhler and Dominic Raacke, or in an episode of "Der Zürich-Krimi" (2016) with Christian Kohlund. He had a leading role in the docudrama "Heinrich Böll - Ansichten eines Anarchisten" (2017), where he played the writer in his younger years. On the big screen, he had smaller appearances as a "psychopath" in the relationship comedy "Rate Your Date" (2019) and as a guard in Philipp Stölzl's "Schachnovelle" ("The Royal Game", 2021). He also worked with Stölzl again in theater at Munich's Residenztheater, on the play "Das Vermächtnis" (2022).  

Moritz Treuenfels played his first leading role in a feature film in the psychodrama "Axiom," as a well-liked museum guard who is not who he claims to be. The film premiered at the 2022 Berlinale in the Encounters section and opened in theaters the following June.